The degree sign (◦) is a fundamental mathematical symbol used to denote degrees of arc in geometry and trigonometry.

The origin

Its origin can be traced back to ancient Greece, where the concept of dividing a circle into 360 degrees was established by astronomers and mathematicians such as Hipparchus and Ptolemy.

Function

The primary function of the degree sign is to measure angles in a circle. A complete circle is divided into 360 degrees, with each degree further divided into minutes (‘) and seconds (“). One degree is equivalent to 60 minutes, and one minute is equivalent to 60 seconds. This hierarchical system allows for precise measurement and representation of angles, crucial in various mathematical and scientific disciplines.

Use

The use of the degree sign extends beyond mathematics and science and is prevalent in everyday contexts. It is commonly employed in cartography to indicate latitude and longitude coordinates on maps, where locations are specified in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Additionally, the degree sign is used in weather reporting to denote temperature, and it is a ubiquitous symbol in academic and professional settings, particularly in fields such as engineering, physics, and astronomy.

History

The historical significance of the degree sign lies in its evolution over time. The adoption of the 360-degree system is often attributed to the Babylonians, who used a base-60 numeral system. However, it was the Greeks who solidified the concept and formalized its representation with the distinctive circle symbol. Over the centuries, this system has become the standard for angular measurement, standing the test of time and remaining a cornerstone in mathematical notation.